Underlying Precocious Puberty Factors: Nature and Nurture
Category: Oral Presentation
Author(s): Wendy Camacho
Presenter(s): Wendy Camacho
Mentors(s): Richard McCosh
Puberty typically begins between 8 and 13 years of age, but Precocious Puberty (PP) occurs when this process starts prematurely, leading to physical and hormonal development. Central Precocious Puberty (CPP), results from the early increased stimulation in the hypothalamus of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), increasing secretion of sex hormones. CPP is more prevalent in females than males, with a 1:4 ratio. The rising global incidence of CPP has driven research into its underlying causes. Key contributors include genetic predisposition, sedentary behavior, gestational weight gain, dietary nutrition, environmental exposures, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenols, phthalates, and pesticides, has also been linked to earlier pubertal onset. Additionally, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities suggest complex interactions between biological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Long-term consequences of CPP extend into adulthood, impacting breast and ovarian cancer risks, bone health, fertility, and psychological well-being. Despite growing evidence, debates persist regarding the relative influence of each factor and their interactions. This review synthesizes current global research on CPP, highlighting established and emerging risk factors and identifying key gaps for future study in public health, pediatrics, and endocrinology. To complete this review, precocious puberty and CPP were used as key words for source identification. Additionally, a minimum of 12 sources were gathered each source aligned with the above-mentioned underlying factors. Proposed solutions vary due to the varying causes. Collectively more research into early identification and proper resource disbursement to underserved communities will help decrease population prevalence of CPP and respective long-term consequences.